International Monetary Fund And The World Bank - 1679 Words

THE WORLD BANK AND IMF - HIPC International Monetary Fund and The World Bank, though has a good purpose of their existence, they have come under lots of criticisms as to how they use the leverage of being in a position of helping poor countries to either recover from economic collapse or give them debt relief and economic boost from loans they give out to them to impose policies and condition that those poor countries has to implement. These loan conditions and policies structured by these international financial power institutions are geared towards moving resources from the poor countries to the rich western countries. The end result is creating a situation where the poor countries sunk into more economic suicidal condition in which†¦show more content†¦In order to rebuild Europe after a devastation second world war, common sense would tell you that the institutions would not like to deplete its resources. So the question of exploiting loan seekers or poor countries who later became part of the countri es seeking financial help from the world bank and the IMF. The main function of the International Monetary Fund according to IMF fact sheet (2016, March 23) â€Å"To ensure the stability of the international monetary system—the system of exchange rates and international payments that enables countries (and their citizens) to transact with each other†. Simply put, the organization beginning with 44 countries and now 189, has one aim, to make sure there is a global or international stability in the world economy by monitoring resources and exchange rates across goods and services trading among member countries and ensuring that there would not be an economic collapse in respective member countries. Same IMF factsheet do more elaborating on their term surveillance as stated as â€Å"To maintain stability and prevent crises in the international

Kohlberg`s Three Levels and Six Stages of Moral Reasoning Free Essays

Lawrence Kohlberg, a professor of psychology in the University of Chicago, has created his own theory of moral development. The theory is based on children’s reasoning, when facing moral dilemmas, however, Kohlberg went far beyond that and created a common theory for all ages. Under his theory moral thinking passes through six separate stages, which are broken into three levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Kohlberg`s Three Levels and Six Stages of Moral Reasoning or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper aims to provide a review of stages and levels proposed by Kohlberg.  The first level is PRE-CONVENTIONAL. This level is more characteristic for children, although it is sometimes passed by adults too. At this level an individual considers exclusively direct consequences of an action for himself. Reasoning at this level is purely egoistic and consists of two stages: Stage 1 An individual concentrates only on direct consequences for himself and the main moral deterrence is fear of punishment. Moral futility of an action is estimated by punishment. The more severe is the punishment, the worse an action is[1]. Stage 2 is characterized by limited interest to the needs of others. However, this interest is of egocentric. A person is interested in getting something for himself for his/her moral behavior[2].  The second level is CONVENTIONAL. This stage is typical for most adults. At this level individuals compare the morality of their actions to social norms and expectations. This level includes the third and fourth stage of moral reasoning. Stage 3 is related to social roles. People act so, as their relatives, friends and members of their group act to receive their praise. Actions are evaluated in terms of personal relationships and social stereotypes. The main deterrence is fear of authority and fear of social condemnation[3]. Stage 4 is similar to stage 3, however it is extended as actions are evaluated in terms of laws and social conventions. Individual needs are overcome at this stage and laws are attributed own value. A distinction between right and wrong in this stage is created by culpability of an action.  The third level is POST-CONVENTIONAL is also called â€Å"principled level†. Actions are evaluated by an individual before they are evaluated by society. A person becomes morally â€Å"autonomous†[4]. The level includes stages 5 and 6. Stage 5 At this stage an individual comes to understanding, that people hold different views and opinions. Laws are understood not only as rules, but as useful social contracts. Those, who act against common good are considered to be morally bad and those have to be changed. The aim of morals is understood as â€Å"as much good for as many people as possible†, which is achieved by decision of the majority. Stage 6 is characterized by abstract reasoning and universality of ethical principles. An individual comes to understanding that any laws may be justified only to the extent they correspond those universal principles[5]. The social consensus is reached after â€Å"seeing the situation from another man’s eyes†. It is firstly necessary to get full understanding of all moral positions on the matter and after that a consensus between those positions should be reached. This action is validated by consent of every person, not only the majority. References 1. Shaffer, David R. (2004). Social and Personality Development, 5th Ed, Wadsworth Publishing 2. Kohlberg, Lawrence; T. Lickona, ed. (1976). â€Å"Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach†, Moral Development and Behavior: Theory, Research and Social Issues. Rinehart and Winston 3. Rawls, John (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Belkap Press of Harvard University Press 4. Kohlberg, Lawrence (1973). â€Å"The Claim to Moral Adequacy of a Highest Stage of Moral Judgment†. Journal of Philosophy 70 [1] Shaffer, David R. (2004). Social and Personality Development, 5th Ed, Wadsworth Publishing, p.- 43                         [2] Kohlberg, Lawrence (1973). â€Å"The Claim to Moral Adequacy of a Highest Stage of Moral Judgment†. Journal of Philosophy 70: 630-646 [3] Supra note                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              [4] Kohlberg, Lawrence; T. Lickona, ed. (1976). â€Å"Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach†, Moral Development and Behavior: Theory, Research and Social Issues. Rinehart and Winston p.-188    [5] Rawls, John (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Belkap Press of Harvard University Press, p.-201 How to cite Kohlberg`s Three Levels and Six Stages of Moral Reasoning, Essay examples

MY experiences free essay sample

Why should I hire you? I will not say that I am the best candidate sitting here, because I dont know anything about the other aspirants sitting outside. But I surely know about my abilities which can make me stand apart from the rest. I am a highly optimistic person and no problem can deter me from achieving my goals. Also I can adjust to any situation and can work with any type of colleague as I see it as a great opportunity to learn from others which will help me to expand the horizon of my knowledge. And the best thing about me is that I can make people around me happy and calm, so I can make the hectic work environment a bit relaxed. What are your strengths and weaknesses? My strength is my weekness. Dedication to work is my strength. Sometimes it becomes my weekness. lf the work is given to me. We will write a custom essay sample on MY experiences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I wont leave it till it gets completed. will try to complete as soon as possible. Why do you want to work at our company? I need a Job which suits my qualifications and skills,and which recognize my ability in the organization,so that i can update my knowledge and skills along with organizations growth. and i feel that my profiles are matching your requirement. As per fresher i feel that this is the challenging opportunities to test my theoretical nowledge to achieve the practical expertise,which can help your organization towards growth. What is the difference between confidence and over confidence? Confidence can defined as the beleiving in youre ability to acheive youre goals / performing tasks / facing challenges , with required efforts from your part Over- Confidence can be defined as over-rating youre ability to achieve certain tasks / goals / challenges which is far from youre reach and trying to reach it may lay the path for youre down fall. What is the difference between hard work and smart work? Smart work is well planned structured work and hard work is working like a machine without thinking much. For a employee to be successful, using his brain in t he little work he does is more important than what normally people do appreciation comes only when u stand out of the box. here in dis case we call it smart work. How do you feel about working nights and weekends? If it is a regular phenomenon, I may not like it. Because as every machine needs a rest after working for a long time and recollect energy to work further, similarly our body also needs some relaxation at the end of day or week the Job. But if there is some situation I will always be there to fulfill the requirements of the company at customer service. Can you work under pressure? Yes, I can work under pressure. Because it will help me to show how I adapt those kind of situations also if I am, it will provide a chance to prove myself among others Are you willing to relocate or travel? Yes, so that I can enjoy more in my work and chances will be more in knowing new things. What are your goals? My short term goal is to be a part of an organisation where I can learn new things and use my knowladge, skills for benifits of organisation And long term goal is I would look to myself for the higher post. What motivates you to do good Job? For the self satisfaction, the self confidence, to enhance my knowledge always their life to make my dream real, motivates me a lot to do a good Job and to make them proud to be my parents. What makes you angry? I became angry when I see people are not committed to their work. For me Commitment is sumthing which help you to succeed in life and unprofessionalism also make me angry Give me an example of your creativity. .. ln the beginning i had noticed that same softwares had been installed daily in my company .. o then i have createad a . exe file , we have to do Just one click on it automatically softwares would be installed one bye one. so it save our time. How long would you expect to work for us if hired? If the company gives a good recognition for my work, there will be no need for me to shift over another company. Are not you overqualified for this position? Not Overqualified, I would say well qualified, my qualification will Just help me to do the Job better, and it will favor me to handle more responsibilities and help me to rise up to your expectations. Describe your ideal company, location and Job. The company which offers me an opportunistic environment and growth is ideal for me. About location, i am not location specific. I Just want to be a part of such a company wherever it is. And ideal Job for me is the one which develops my skills and makes me feel energetic by doing it. The company which offers me an opportunistic environment and growth is ideal for me.

Primary Colors Essays - Films, Primary Colors, Susan Stanton

Primary Colors "Primary Colors" is a fictional account of a presidential primary campaign. The book is writen by Anonymous, who we now know is Newsweek colunmnist Joe Klein. Klein includes a disclainer saying he invented the characters and situations, but I feel that the book is about the Clintons. All the events are there. The champaign takes place in 1992. Stanton is the governor of a small Southern state. He has an authoritative wife, Suzan. He also has problems with promisuity, draft dodging, and war protest. The central charactor of the book is not Jack Stanton but the narrator Henry Burton. Former congressional aide and grandson of the famous civil rights leader, Harvey Burton. Henry tells the story of Governor Jack Stanton's presidential campaign. Young, black and no novice to insider politics, he signs on as deputy campaign manager but rapidly becomes the Governor's right hand man and psychological confident. Henry struggles with his role in the campaign, his responsibility to the candidate, and most disturbingly with how much he actually knows and believes in the real Jack Stanton--the man he would help become the leader of the United States of America. He also developes an odd comradeship in the manic, obsessive Richard Jemmons. The governor of a small southern state, Jack Stanton is the consummate politician. His love for the American people is palpable, but starkly contrasted with his relentless pursuit of power and his on-going sexual indiscretions. He is a master of the political system. Stanton has gone to great measures to surround himself with unwavering supporters, from his wife Susan Stanton to people he connects with along the campaign. Stanton is man who wants to be president and will let nothing, least of all his own actions, stand in his way. Susan Stanton is a skilled lawyer and experienced campaigner. She shares the Governor's same ruthless desire but is as careful as he is careless. She never falters from standing by her man, but to underestimate her is to misunderstand the power she wields behind the scenes of both the campaign and the Governor's Mansion. Together they are a formidable couple. She knows as well as he that they can only reach their dream together. Susan's identity is tied to her husband's, but the control of the relationship is clearly hers. She has her own way of dealing with his weaknesses. Nicknamed the "Dustbuster," Libby Holden has always been there in the past to clean up Governor Stanton's extracurricular indiscretions. Newly released from the loony bin for this campaign, she is back and ready for action. And there is plenty of dust for her to bust! Her methods are sometimes extreme but she is constantly looking for the truth and always, always gets the job done. An overwhelming presence, she is keeper of all the Stanton secrets; she knows both the Governor and his wife inside and out or thinks she does. Known as the best democratic political strategist, Richard Jemmons is not your run-of-the-mill campaign spin doctor. An explosive, hyper, and usually manic presence, he knows how elections work but can't quite seem to get a grasp of his newest responsibility. At times obsessive, Jemmons knows better than anyone and earlier than anyone, that the most dangerous threat to the Stanton campaign is not an opposing candidate but Stanton himself and his own checkered past. Up-and-coming media consultant, Daisy Green is responsible for the public perception of the Governor. She is outspoken, fast-talking and a New Yorker at heart. Daisy never quite makes it into the inner circle of the Stanton campaign. She does however fall in love with Henry Burton. She discovers that the relationship, if it is going to work, must survive the treacherous terrain of the political playing field. All though this book we wonder if this a story about the Clintons. Like Stanton, Clinton has been a politician since his college days. Like bill Clinton, Jack Stanton has a hard time keeping his pants on around good looking women. Jack Stanton's campaign suffers from its own "bimbo eruptions." Klein describes a complex man, like all great men, has large virtues and failings. I feel that the author does love a part of Clinton, which he labeled Jack Stanton.

Effects of discriminatory practice in Health and social care Essay Example

Effects of discriminatory practice in Health and social care Essay Example Effects of discriminatory practice in Health and social care Essay Effects of discriminatory practice in Health and social care Essay The above instance survey is foregrounding favoritism. This is the unequal intervention between persons and it is a negative action towards members of a certain group. The bases of favoritism include: civilization. disablement. age. societal category. gender. sexual orientation. wellness position. household position and cognitive ability. The prejudiced practise used in the instance of Jeta is predjudice. This is judging person and doing an premise without holding any solid grounds to back up the opinion. on the footing of their visual aspect or what group they belong to. Jeta is sing this as her instructor is doing a false premise about her thought that she is lazy and blue as her criterion of public presentation in school assesments is diminishing. There are many lending factors that can take to the predjudice that Jeta is sing. One of these factors is societal background. Jeta comes from a rough background. lives entirely with her female parent who is a individual parent and her male parent is in prison. Another factor taking to predjudice could be socialisation. This is when the media create humbling stereotypes about specific groups of people. The media assumes that if person is in prison. they are associated with bad behavior and are automatically given a negative feeling on. As Jeta is related to person in prison. the instructor is presuming that she’s every bit as bad and discriminates against her. The instructor is about blaming the male parent state of affairs on the hapless school work produced by Jeta. Another prejudiced practise that Jeta is sing is pigeonholing. Stereotyping is a widely held but fixed oversimplified image or thought of a certain type of individual. Pigeonholing can hold a demetrial consequence on the person involved. They involve generalisations about the most common features of members of the group. There are many factors which could propose why Jeta is being stereotyped. The first is societal classification. This is sorting people into groups based on common properties that persons portion. In relation to Jeta she is being stereotyped as lazy because the criterion of her school assesments are dropping. She is besides being stereotyped as naughty and this could be due to the societal facet that her male parents in prision significance she is being percieved as this blue kid. Another base for favoritism is age. Age favoritism occurs when person is treated below the belt due to their age without any given justification or logical thinking. The fact that the kid concerned in this survey is of rather a immature age of 9 old ages old means she is more vunerable to age favoritism and this normally occurs because the kid is seen to hold less societal power. Jeta is sing age favoritism because she is seen to hold less of an authoritive figure compared to her instructor. Children in todays society are more likely to confront favoritism due to their addiction on grownups and the determinations that are made for them. Children experience favoritism on other evidences including race. gender. societal category. wellness position. disablities and many more. Jeta is being stereotyped as this lazy character and due to her age. the instructor isn’t listening to her despite being told legion times by Jeta that she can non see the board from the dorsum of the schoolroom. Jeta’s age could be an index as to why she is being stereotyped as she is undistinguished compared to the instructor and has little or no power so her sentiments and positions are merely ignored. Another prejudiced practise that Jeta is confronting is inequality. This is where people are non treated the same because some persons have more power. authorization. money etc. Jeta is sing this as she is non being granted the same chances to instruction and rights to larn as everyone else in her category. Due to this inequality she could be left in a vunerable place as she could be at a hazard of falling behind in category and making even worse in appraisals than earlier. The chief base for favoritism is this instance survey is Jeta’s diability. She has haples s sight and this explains her low criterion of work in lessons. She is being discriminated for holding this disablement and this could ensue in her feeling vunerable and cause low ego regard. She is being segregated from the remainder of the category being sent to the dorsum of the schoolroom and this could strike hard her assurance. This is besides doing the state of affairs worse as Jeta will non be able to concentrate on the undertakings set in category as she can non see what is is being taught. Alternatively of supplying Jeta with the right extra acquisition support she requires. the instructor has placed her right at the dorsum of the category. segregated from her other schoolmates. The Disability Discrimination Act ( DDA ) makes it improper to know apart against person who has a disablement. This act is covered by most sectors including the instruction sector which means it should be covered in all schools and administrations. The DDA screens eyesight jobs so Jeta’s demands should be met. Initially. Jeta’s instructor is being improper as she isn’t seting to the DDA criterions to accommodate Jeta’s demands. If no alterations are made. Jet a’s seeing could deteriate and decline. Jeta presently has no spectacless or any signifier of equipment to assist imporve her seeing so being at the dorsum is non assisting the state of affairs in respect to Jeta.

Pediatric Growth and Development Research Paper

Pediatric Growth and Development - Research Paper Example e conflict occurs as children try to act like grown ups and takes up goals or activities which are beyond their capacity and which are in conflict with parents or family members (Shaffer, 2009, p. 42). Feeling of guilt occurs as a result and hence, achieving ‘balance’ between initiative and encroaching upon rights or privileges of others is the challenge as it leads to successful resolution of the conflict (Shaffer, 2009, p. 42). The fourth stage (‘industry versus inferiority’), in which teachers and peers are significant social agents, occur between 6 to 12 years of age (Shaffer, 2009, p. 42). In this stage, children compare themselves with peers and hence, must master academic and social skills to feel self-assured (Shaffer, 2009, p. 42). Otherwise, feeling of inferiority develops if they fail to acquire the skills which others have (Shaffer, 2009, p. 42). The fifth stage (‘identity versus role confusion’), in which the key social agent is the society of peers, occurs between 12 to 20 years of age (Shaffer, 2009, p. 42). The challenge for adolescents is to avoid being confused about their identity by establishing basic social and occupational identities (Shaffer, 2009, p. 42). The sixth stage (‘intimacy versus isolation’), in which the key social agents are lovers, spouses and close friends, occurs between 20 to 40 years (Shaffer, 2009, p. 42). The challenge is to achieve companionship through strong friendship or else loneliness result (Shaffer, 2009, p. 42). The seventh stage (‘generativity versus stagnation’), in which the key social agents are spouse, children and social norms, occurs between 40 to 65 years (Shaffer, 2009, p. 42). The challenge is to maintain ‘generativity’ by being productive or supporting young people, as failure or... The main purpose of this research paper was to describe several development theories to the reader. Firstly, the researcher focuses on analysis of Psychosocial Development theory by Erickson, who understood that people can display healthy psychological adjustment only when they are able to resolve the psychological conflicts that they experience in life. In his theory, Erikson’s proposed eight stages (or psychosocial crisis) of developments, which occur during different ages of human life. Secondly, the researcher analyzed Freud's Psychosexual Development theory. Freud discovered that the mental disturbances that his patients experienced often revolved around the sexual conflicts which were repressed during their childhood. The researcher deeply decribes each of the five stages of this theory. Thirdly, the researcher analyzes Cognitive Development theory done by Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist. Children’s way of perceiving and mentally representing the world is the fo cus of cognitive development theory. Four stages of this theory were discussed in the research paper. Fourth theory analyzed by the researcher and presented in the paper was Kohlberg’s Moral Development theory. The researcher describes that Kohlberg developed the theory that tried to encompass those ideas which were not addressed in Piaget’s theory. Kohlberg has explained the moral development in three levels, consisting of two stages each. The levels and the stages are described in the research paper as well.

Buchanan- Human Status and Moral Enhancement (Summary 2nd Half) Essay

Buchanan- Human Status and Moral Enhancement (Summary 2nd Half) - Essay Example Buchanan treats this larger question under two subsets, the first of which deals with the question â€Å"If enhancement did result in posthumans, what implications would this have for the concept of human rights: would it make that concept obsolete, as some have claimed; and if it did, would this be a moral catastrophe, as they have intimated?†. The second subset, which and the further sections are under analysis in this paper, deals with the question â€Å"Could the emergence of post humans result in there being a moral status higher than that of persons and hence require a rejection of the widely held Moral Equality Assumption, the assumption that all who have the characteristics sufficient for being persons are of equal moral status?† (353). The second question which rather addresses the concerns regarding privileging the enhanced group of persons – post persons – and thus resulting in a higher moral status raises questions regarding the very basic assumptions regarding moral equality. Buchanan, in the second section, contemplates on this basic assumption and challenges those concerns on the basis of the â€Å"inviolability†, which should be understood as a threshold concept, of this assumption (363-364). That greater â€Å"personhood† does not confer â€Å"greater inviolability† seems to question the belief that ‘persons’’ interests might be sacrificed in the interests of the ‘post persons’ (364). Even in times of â€Å"supreme emergency† when persons might literally have to be sacrificed for the benefit of many it does not follow that there is a difference between the values of the former and the latter (364). Buchanan justifies himself by refe rring to instances of racism, ethnic minorities, developmental and physical disabilities etc., where similar concerns popped up and were dealt with on the basis of the